過硫酸鈉：也叫高硫酸鈉。外觀是白色晶狀粉末，無(wú)臭。能溶于水，逐漸分解，潮濕和高溫能使分解加速。能被乙醇和銀離子分解。２０℃時(shí)水中溶解度為５４９ｇ／Ｌ。相對(duì)密度２．４００（堆積密度：０．７）。小致死量（兔，靜脈）１７８ｍｇ／ｋｇ。
Sodium persulfate: also called sodium persulfate. The appearance is white crystalline powder, odorless. It can dissolve in water and decompose gradually. Humidity and high temperature can accelerate the decomposition. It can be decomposed by ethanol and silver ions. The solubility in water is 549g/L at 20 ℃. The relative density is 2.400 (bulk density: 0.7). Low lethal dose (rabbit, vein) 178 mg/kg.
過硫酸鈉處于高氧化態(tài)，具有強(qiáng)氧化性，易分解并放出氧和熱量的物質(zhì)。包括含有過氧基的有機(jī)物，其本身不一定可燃，但能導(dǎo)致可燃物的燃燒，與松軟的粉末狀可燃物能組成爆炸性混合物，對(duì)熱、震動(dòng)或摩擦較敏感。
Sodium persulfate is in a high oxidation state, with strong oxidation, easy to decompose and release oxygen and heat. It includes organic substances containing peroxy groups, which are not necessarily flammable, but can cause the combustion of combustibles. They can form explosive mixtures with soft powdery combustibles and are sensitive to heat, vibration or friction.
過硫酸鈉被廣泛用于氧化劑；還作用于電池去極劑和聚合反應(yīng)促進(jìn)劑。
Sodium persulfate is widely used as oxidant; It also acts as battery depolarizer and polymerization accelerator.
過硫酸銨：外觀為無(wú)色單斜晶體，有時(shí)略帶淺綠色，有潮解性。為過二硫酸的銨鹽。過二硫酸根含有過氧基，是強(qiáng)氧化劑。在１２０℃時(shí)分解放出氧并生成焦硫酸鹽。過二硫酸銨是強(qiáng)氧化劑，可以把Ｍｎ２＋氧化為ＭｎＯ４－。電解硫酸氫銨的水溶液即可制得過二硫酸銨。
Ammonium persulfate: colorless monoclinic crystal, sometimes slightly light green, deliquescence. It is ammonium salt of persulfuric acid. Persulfate contains peroxy group and is a strong oxidant. At 120 ℃, oxygen is liberated and pyrosulfate is formed. Ammonium persulfate is a strong oxidant, which can oxidize Mn2+to MnO4 -. Ammonium persulfate can be prepared by electrolyzing the aqueous solution of ammonium bisulfate.
過硫酸銨被廣泛用作醋酸乙烯、丙烯酸酯等烯類單體乳液聚合的引發(fā)劑；還用作脲醛樹脂的固化劑，固化速度快；淀粉膠黏劑的助氧化劑，與淀粉成分中的蛋白質(zhì)反應(yīng)提高粘接性，參考用量為淀粉的０．２％～０．４％；也用作金屬銅表面處理劑。在化學(xué)工業(yè)用作制造過硫酸鹽和雙氧水的原料，有機(jī)高分子聚合時(shí)的助聚劑、氯乙烯單體聚合時(shí)的引發(fā)劑。用作小麥改質(zhì)劑、啤酒酵母防霉劑。
Ammonium persulfate is widely used as initiator for lotion polymerization of vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate and acrylate; It can also be used as curing agent of urea formaldehyde resin, with fast curing speed; The auxiliary oxidant of starch adhesive reacts with the protein in the starch component to improve the adhesion, and the reference dosage is 0.2%~0.4% of starch; It is also used as a surface treatment agent for metal copper. In the chemical industry, it is used as the raw material for the production of persulfate and hydrogen peroxide, the polymerization promoter for organic polymer polymerization, and the initiator for vinyl chloride monomer polymerization. Used as wheat quality improver and beer yeast mildew inhibitor.
