碳酸鉀，白色結(jié)晶粉末。密度2.428g/cm3。熔點(diǎn)891℃，沸點(diǎn)時分解，相對分子量138.21。溶于水，水溶液呈堿性，不溶于乙醇、丙酮和乙醚。吸濕性強(qiáng)，暴露在空氣中能吸收二氧化碳和水分，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樘妓釟溻?，?yīng)密封包裝。水合物有一水物、二水物、三水物。碳酸鉀水溶液呈堿性。不溶于乙醇及醚。
Potassium carbonate, white crystalline powder. The density was 2.428g/cm3. Melting point 891 ℃, boiling point decomposition, relative molecular weight 138.21. Soluble in water, the aqueous solution is alkaline, insoluble in ethanol, acetone and ether. It has strong hygroscopicity, can absorb carbon dioxide and moisture when exposed to the air and convert into potassium bicarbonate. There are monohydrate, dihydrate and trihydrate. The aqueous solution of potassium carbonate is alkaline. It is insoluble in ethanol and ether.
1.碳酸鉀可用于玻璃、印染、肥皂、搪瓷、制備鉀鹽、合成氨脫羰，也用于彩色電視機(jī)工業(yè),主要用于食品中作膨松劑。
1. Potassium carbonate can be used in glass, printing and dyeing, soap, enamel, preparation of potassium salt, synthesis of ammonia decarbonylation, also used in color TV industry, mainly used as a leavening agent in food.
2.主要用于分析試劑。如高純分析、發(fā)射光譜分析等。也可用于硅酸鹽和不溶性硫酸鹽的助熔劑，有機(jī)液體的吸水劑及電鍍、化肥、照相行業(yè)。
2. Mainly used for analytical reagent. Such as high purity analysis, emission spectrum analysis and so on. It can also be used as flux of silicate and insoluble sulfate, absorbent of organic liquid, electroplating, fertilizer and photography.
3.用于玻璃、印染、肥皂、搪瓷、制備鉀鹽、合成氨脫羰，彩色電視機(jī)工業(yè),食品中作膨松劑;作氣體吸附劑、干粉滅火劑、橡膠防老劑等;用于已曝光的感光材料的沖洗加工。
3. Used in glass, printing and dyeing, soap, enamel, preparation of potassium salt, synthesis ammonia decarbonylation, color television industry, food as leavening agent; as gas adsorbent, dry powder fire extinguishing agent, rubber antioxidant, etc.; used for the processing of exposed photosensitive materials.
4.用于電子工業(yè)顯像管玻殼的制造、化肥脫碳、鉀鹽制造，用作分析試劑、助熔劑，也用于各種鉀鹽的制備;用于分析試劑、基準(zhǔn)試劑及熔融硅酸鹽和不溶性硫酸鹽的助熔劑。
4. It is used in the manufacture of electronic industry picture tube glass shell, chemical fertilizer production, decarburization, potassium salt manufacturing, as analytical reagent, flux, and preparation of various potassium salts; used as analytical reagent, reference reagent and flux for molten silicate and insoluble sulfate.
5.化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中做干燥劑。其吸水能力中等，能形成帶兩個結(jié)晶水的碳酸鉀(K2CO3·2H2O），但是與水作用較慢。適用于干燥醇、酯等中性有機(jī)物以及一般的堿性有機(jī)物如胺、生物堿等。但不能作為酸類、酚類或其他酸性物質(zhì)的干燥劑。
5. Desiccant in chemical experiment. It can form potassium carbonate (K2CO3 · 2H2O) with two crystal water, but the interaction with water is slow. It is suitable for drying neutral organic substances such as alcohols and esters, and general basic organic substances such as amines and alkaloids. But it can not be used as desiccant for acids, phenols or other acidic substances.
6.堿性劑和面團(tuán)改良劑，且可抑制面條發(fā)酸，可用于面制食品，按需要適量使用。用于光學(xué)玻璃，可提高玻璃透明度、強(qiáng)度和折光系數(shù)。
6. Alkaline agent and dough improver, and can inhibit noodle acid, can be used in flour food, according to the production needs of appropriate use. It can improve the transparency, strength and refractive index of optical glass.
